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STS-42 Mission Patch

The First International Microgravity Laboratory

Twenty-eight years ago on January 22, 1992, STS-42 carried the first International Microgravity Laboratory [IML-1], dozens of experiments, and seven space shuttle crew members into orbit. Over 200 scientists from 13 countries contributed to the crew’s onboard research tasks in the physical and life sciences.

STS-42 Mission Patch

In the shuttle Discovery’s payload bay, the crew worked in two 12-hour shifts to run IML-1 science every hour of the day. Some experiments studied the growth patterns of plants, their mechanisms for sensing gravity and light within a microgravity environment. Others attempted to assess the effects of ionized-particle radiation on development of biological systems. Plants were located in plant cubes of various constructions to allow different forms of light to enter and to facilitate different sampling access.

Around-the-clock physiology studies examined some of the adaptations to microgravity exhibited in the human nervous system as well as microgravity effects on other life forms that included shrimp eggs and bacteria. There were experiments on the heating of fluids and the processing of various substances to produce crystal growth without gravity.

One of IML-1’s international astronauts, Canadian physician and neuro-ophthalmologist Dr. Roberta Lynn Bondar, became the world’s first neurologist in space. As a payload specialist, she helped conduct research into microgravity effects on blood flow in the brain and human orientation.

IML-1 contributed to a distinguished microgravity legacy. It continued the testing of modular laboratory hardware, instrumentation, and stowage: the model precursor of the International Space Station, with its international crew and payload. It confirmed international commitment to cooperative ventures. Science results from the flight produced dozens of peer-reviewed articles, lectures, and applications. The crew demonstrated how to conduct science in a challenging environment on which future space scientists could build.

This mission is featured in the IMAX® movie Destiny in Space.

As a bonus feature of events NASA recorded on the STS-42 mission, the crew included their famous micro-gravity SuperBowl XXVI coin toss of Dr. Bondar:

In payload bay of STS-42, Dr. Roberta Bondar demonstrates how a coin would spin when tossed in microgravity!

 
The IML-1 left its personal imprint on its crew. As an example, like other astronauts on their space shuttle flights, Bondar was struck by the on-orbit views of Earth without political borders and swaths of country without any sign of humankind

Inspired by her views of Earth from space, Bondar determined to help others on the planet try to experience some of those moments upon her return. One of these initiatives is the mandate of The Roberta Bondar Foundation. Apart from her continued service in Science and Medicine, she carries her deepest IML-1 stimulus into recording massive, dramatic images of Earth’s geographic features from explorations she makes to some of Earth’s extreme ecosystems.
 

Image of Roberta Bondar in front of dunes

 
Dr. Bondar’s current research project studies and documents Avian Migration of several bird species from breeding sites, through migratory pathways to their non-breeding seasonal areas, capturing examples of these habitats using photography from Aerial, Surface, and Space perspectives; hence, AMASS.

Image of pink flamingos at dawn on lake
Image of pink flamingos in lake from air

B Bondar / Real World Content Advantage